convention on biodiversity endnote citation

Studies that address range shifts and movement pathways in response to climate change reveal even more extensive area and connectivity requirements. Although there is no precise prescription for how much is enough, systematic conservation planning studies have indicated that 25–75% of a region is required to capture key elements of biodiversity. There is general consensus that the current global suite of protected areas is insufficient to protect biodiversity. Protected areas are generally too small, isolated and few to conserve biodiversity on their own, and thus there are calls for connected conservation areas between them, and for their integration into broader landscapes and seascapes. Protected area legal status is in many cases impermanent. Many areas designated as protected were created for objectives other than biodiversity conservation, and those uses can conflict with biodiversity conservation. While the value of protected areas is generally undisputed, challenges remain. It emphasizes that countries need to bring biodiversity into the mainstream of decision making and factored into policies across all economic sectors.Protected areas are key to biodiversity conservation. It also shows that governments will need to scale up national ambitions in support of the new Global Biodiversity Framework and ensure that all necessary resources are mobilized and the enabling environment strengthened. It outlines eight transitions that recognize the value of biodiversity, the need to restore the ecosystems on which all human activity de-pends, and the urgency of reducing the negative impacts of such activity. The report calls for a shift away from “business as usual” across a range of human activities.

It is a final report card on progress against the 20 global biodiversity targets agreed in 2010 with a 2020 deadline, and offers lessons learned and best practices for getting on track. The Global Biodiversity Outlook 5 (GBO-5), published by the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), offers an authoritative overview of the state of nature.

Convention on biodiversity endnote citation